Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 7 Articles
The leaves of Morus alba L. are an important herbal medicine in Asia. The systematic\nisolation of the metabolites of the leaves of Morus alba L. was achieved using a combination of\nliquid chromatography techniques. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis\nand the absolute configuration was determined based on electronic circular dichroism (ECD)\nspectroscopic data and hydrolysis experiments. Their biological activity was evaluated using different\nbiological assays, such as the assessment of their capacity to inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme;\nthe determination of their cytotoxic activity and the evaluation of their neuroprotective effects against\nthe deprivation of serum or against the presence of nicouline. Chemical investigation of the leaves\nof Morus alba L. resulted in four new structures 1ââ?¬â??4 and a known molecule 5. Compounds 2 and\n5 inhibited aldose reductase with IC50 values of 4.33 Ã?¼M and 6.0 Ã?¼M compared with the potent\nAR inhibitor epalrestat (IC50 1.88 Ã?â?? 10âË?â??3 Ã?¼M). Pretreatment with compound 3 decreased PC12 cell\napoptosis subsequent serum deprivation condition and pretreatment with compound 5 decreased\nnicouline-induced PC12 cell apoptosis as compared with control cells (p < 0.001)....
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease that causes long-term complications\nand represents a serious public health problem. In this manuscript, acankoreagenin isolated from\nthe leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus (LAG) is thought to possess excellent anti-diabetic properties.\nIn vitro, anti-diabetic activities were assessed based on the inhibitory activities with �±-glucosidase\n(IC50 13.01 �¼M), �±-amylase (IC50 30.81 �¼M), and PTP1B (IC50 16.39 �¼M). Acankoreagenin showed\nbetter anti-diabetic effects. Then, an investigation was performed to analyze the insulin secretion\neffects of the insulin-secreting cell line in RIN-m5F cells. It was found that acankoreagenin could\nincrease the insulin release in RIN-m5F cells. It was also found that acankoreagenin reduced NO\nproduction, activity of caspase-3, and the reactive oxygen species levels in the cells injured by\nprocessing of cytokines. In western blotting, inactivation of NF-�ºB signaling was confirmed.\nAcankoreagenin (20 �¼M) showed a higher I-�ºB�± expression and lower NF-�ºB expression than the\ncontrol group and showed a better expression than the positive control L-NAME (1 mM) (p < 0.05).\nThis study demonstrates the anti-diabetic effects of acankoreagenin in vitro and suggests\nacankoreagenin might offer therapeutic potential for treating diabetes mellitus....
These days, the desire for naturally occurring antioxidants has significantly\nincreased, especially for use in foodstuffs, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products, to replace\nsynthetic antioxidants that are regularly constrained due to their carcinogenicity. Methods: The study\nin hand aimed to appraise the antioxidant effect of two Euphorbia dendroides extracts using reducing\npower, anti-peroxidation, and DPPH (1,1 Diphenyl 2 Pycril Hydrazil) scavenging essays, in addition\nto the anticancer activity against two tumor cell lines, namely C6 (rat brain tumor)cells, and Hela\n(human uterus carcinoma)cell lines. Results: The results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract\nexhibited antiradical activity of 29.49%, higher than that of n-butanol extract (18.06%) at 100 �¼g/mL\nbut much lower than that of gallic acid (78.21%).The ethyl acetate extract exhibits better reducing\ncapacity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity compared to n-butanol extract but less than\nall tested standards. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract was found to have an antiproliferative\nactivity of more than 5-FU (5-fluoro-Uracil) against C6 cells at 250 �¼g/mL with IC50 and IC75 of\n113.97, 119.49 �¼g/mL, respectively, and good cytotoxic activity against the Hela cell lines at the same\nconcentration. The HPLC-TOF-MS (high performance liquid chromatography-Time-of-flight-Mass\nSpectrometry) analyses exposed the presence of various compounds, among which Gallic and\nChlorogenic acids functioned as major compounds. Conclusions: The two extracts exhibited\nmoderate anticancer abilities and behaved somewhat as average antioxidant agents. Based on the total\nphenolics and flavonoids contents, as well as HPLC results, it could be concluded that antiproliferative\nand antioxidant activities depend upon the content of different phenolics and flavonoids....
Background: Green tea intake is accompanied with a lower incidence of cardiovascular\ndisease, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders; hence green tea\nextract has been included as dietary supplement along with other supplements\nand multivitamins. Aim of the Work: Studying the effect of cyclophosphamide\nadministration on the liver of adult male albino rats and the possible\nprotective role of green tea extract. Material and Methods: The current study\nwas carried out on 45 adult male albino rats. They were divided into three\nequal groups (each included 15 rats). Group I (control group) was injected\nintraperitoneally with normal saline at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight\ntwice weekly for 9 weeks. Group II was injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide\n(CP) (150 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. Group III: rats received\ngreen tea extracts orally (50 mg/kg/day) for three weeks, and then continued\nfor further two weeks concomitantly with intraperitoneally cyclophosphamide\n(CP) injected (150 mg/kg/day). Results: Rats exposed to cyclophosphamide\n(CP) showed several histological and histochemical changes in their liver.\nThese changes were improved by using green tea. Conclusion: The present\nwork showed that green tea had preventive and therapeutic effect upon livers\nof albino rats after they were exposed to CP....
Present study was designed for detailed pharmacognostic profile of stem bark of Z. xylopyrus, family Rhamnaceae an important plant in the Indian system of medicine. Stem bark samples of Z. xylopyrus were studied by macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical and powder characters of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO. Macroscopically the stem bark is red brown colour, aromatic odour and having pungent taste. Microscopically stem bark shows the presence of phelloderm with presence of tannin content, pholem fibres, sieve tubes, calcium oxalate crystals. Powder microscopy of stem bark revealed the presence of gelatinous fibre, fibre sclereiods, unicellular unbranched trichomes, periderm cells, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals and parenchymatous cells. Physicochemical parameters such as ash value extractive values were determined and results showed that total ash value of stem bark is higher than other ash values. Water soluble extractive value of stem bark was higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids and sterol, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids in ethanolic and aqueous extracts of stem bark. The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigation and application....
Cocos nucifera commonly known as coconut palm belongs to family Arecaceae is one of the most widely used palm species all over the world with a tag of most useful tree. Medicinal importance of coconut water and traditional uses of its virgin oil are already recognized and popularised. A nutritional drink ‘Neera’ extracted from coconut emerged as one of the most trusted nutritional drink and several studies emphasis its nutraceutical and medicinal values. Phyto-profilings were conducted with phytochemical assays, HPLC and H-NMR analysis. In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory investigations were carried out with the help of DPPH assess and protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory scheme. The acetone extract showed the presence of various phytocompounds and exhibit good antioxidant activity against DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 51.48 µg/ml and anti-inflammatory property against protein denaturation activity and proteinase inhibitory action. The 1H-NMR spectrum and specific peaks at 253 nm of HPLC profile revealed the presence of phenolic groups. In this study we can authentically establish the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property of acetone extract of sheath scales a less noticeable part of coconut. This work is considered to be the very first report on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant importance of coconut sheet scales....
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become prominent in mortality and morbidity rates.\nPrevalent cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and oxidative stress,\nare increasing at an alarming rate. Conventional drugs have been associated with adverse effects,\nsuggesting a need for an alternative measure to ameliorate CVD. A number of plant- and herb-derived\npreventative food and therapeutic drugs for cardiovascular conditions are progressively used for\ntheir various benefits. Naturally derived food and drugs have fewer side effects because they come\nfrom natural elements; preventative food, such as grape seed, inhibits changes of histopathology and\nbiomarkers in vital organs whereas therapeutic drugs, for instance Xanthone, improve heart functions\nby suppressing oxidative stress of myocyte. This review closely examines the various plant- and\nherb-derived drugs that have assumed an essential role in treating inflammation and oxidative stress\nfor prevalent cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, the use of plant-derived medicine with other\nsynthetic particles, such as nanoparticles, for targeted therapy is investigated for its effective clinical\nuse in the future....
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